Syria

Turkey and Syria Earthquakes: Hope to Find Survivors Fading as Death Toll Surpasses 12K

The scale of destruction was so immense and spread so wide that many are still waiting for help.

NBC Universal, Inc. Thousands of buildings have collapsed across Turkey after a 7.8 magnitude earthquake hit the region Monday, killing thousands.

With hope of finding survivors fading, stretched rescue teams in Turkey and Syria searched Wednesday for signs of life in the rubble of thousands of buildings toppled by the world’s deadliest quake in more than a decade. The confirmed death toll passed 12,000.

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan visited the especially hard-hit Hatay province, where more than 3,300 people died and entire neighborhoods were destroyed. Residents there have criticized the government's response, saying rescuers were slow to arrive.

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Erdogan, who faces a tough battle for reelection in May, acknowledged “shortcomings” in the response to Monday's 7.8 magnitude quake but said the winter weather had been a factor. The earthquake destroyed the runway in Hatay's airport, further disrupting the response.

“It is not possible to be prepared for such a disaster," Erdogan said. “We will not leave any of our citizens uncared for.” He also hit back at critics, saying ”dishonorable people" were spreading “lies and slander” about the government's response.

Search teams from more than two dozen countries have joined tens of thousands of local emergency personnel, and aid pledges have poured in from around the world. But the scale of destruction from the 7.8 magnitude quake and its powerful aftershocks was so immense — and spread so wide, including in areas isolated by Syria’s ongoing civil war — that many are still waiting for help.

Experts said the survival window for those trapped under the rubble or otherwise unable to obtain basic necessities was closing rapidly. At the same time, they said it was too soon to abandon hope for more rescues.

“The first 72 hours are considered to be critical,” said Steven Godby, a natural hazards expert at Nottingham Trent University in England. “The survival ratio on average within 24 hours is 74%, after 72 hours it is 22% and by the fifth day it is 6%.”

Rescuers at times used excavators or picked gingerly through debris. With thousands of buildings toppled, it was not clear how many people might still be caught in the rubble.

In the Turkish city of Malatya, bodies were placed side by side on the ground, covered in blankets, while rescuers waited for vehicles to pick them up, according to former journalist Ozel Pikal, who said he saw eight bodies pulled from the ruins of a building.

Pikal, who took part in the rescue efforts, said he thinks at least some of the victims froze to death as temperatures dipped to minus 6 degrees Celsius (21 Fahrenheit).

“As of today, there is no hope left in Malatya,” Pikal said by telephone. “No one is coming out alive from the rubble.”

Road closures and damage in the region made it hard to access all the areas that need help, he said, and there was a shortage of rescuers where he was. Meanwhile, cold weather hampered the efforts of those who were there, including volunteers.

“Our hands cannot pick up anything because of the cold,” said Pikal. “Work machines are needed.”

Unidentified bodies were to be buried within five days after being photographed and undergoing DNA tests and finger printing, Turkey’s disaster management agency said. Islamic funeral rites prescribe quick burial.

The region was already beset by more than a decade of civil war in Syria. Millions have been displaced within Syria itself and millions more have sought refuge in Turkey.

Video captured the moment when a building went down in the Turkish city of Malatya after a series of earthquakes hit Turkey and Syria.

Turkey's president said the country’s death toll passed 9,000. The Syrian Health Ministry said the death toll in government-held areas climbed past 1,200. At least 1,400 people have died in the rebel-held northwest, according to the volunteer first responders known as the White Helmets.

That brought the overall total to 11,600. Tens of thousands more are injured.

Stories of rescues continued to provide hope that some people still trapped might be found alive. A crying newborn still connected by the umbilical cord to her deceased mother was rescued Monday in Syria. In Turkey's Kahramanmaras, rescuers pulled a 3-year-old boy from the rubble.

But David Alexander, a professor of emergency planning and management at University College London, said data from past earthquakes suggested the likelihood of survival was now slim, particularly for individuals who suffered serious injuries or significant blood loss.

“Statistically, today is the day when we’re going to stop finding people,” he said. “That doesn’t mean we should stop searching.”

Alexander cautioned that the final death toll may not be known for weeks because of the sheer amount of rubble.

The last time an earthquake killed so many people was 2015, when 8,800 died in a magnitude 7.8 quake in Nepal. A 2011 earthquake in Japan triggered a tsunami, killing nearly 20,000 people.

Many of those who survived the earthquake lost their homes and were forced to sleep in cars, government shelters or outdoors amid rain and snowfall in some areas.

“We don’t have a tent, we don’t have a heating stove, we don’t have anything. Our children are in bad shape,” Aysan Kurt, 27, said. “We did not die from hunger or the earthquake, but we will die freezing from the cold.”

Sameer Al-Doumy/AFP via Getty Images
Kahraman, 62, walks past a row of collapsed buildings after a 6.4-magnitude earthquake hit the Hatay province in southern Turkey, Antakya, Feb. 21, 2023. The 6.4-magnitude earthquake struck on February 20, two weeks after a 7.8-magnitude quake hit near Gaziantep, Turkey, in the early hours of February 6.
Murat Saka/dia images via Getty Images
Search and rescue teams look respond to a destroyed building in an Uzbek village damaged by the earthquake, Feb. 21, 2023, in Hatay, Turkey. The death toll from a catastrophic earthquake that hit Turkey and Syria has topped 46,000, with search and rescue teams starting to wind down their work.
Murat Saka/dia images via Getty Images
A young child stand in destroyed street of an Uzbek village damaged by earthquakes, Feb. 21, 2023 in Hatay, Turkey. The death toll from a catastrophic earthquake that hit Turkey and Syria has topped 46,000, with search and rescue teams starting to wind down their work.
Ibrahim Oner/SOPA via Getty Images
Soldiers examine a newborn baby rescued from the rubble in Hatay, Turkey, Feb. 8, 2023. The newborn, 20-days old, was rescued 59 hours after the earthquake and reported to be in good health. Rescue efforts continue for his mother.
Ibrahim Oner/SOPA via Getty Images
Soldiers rush a newborn to an ambulance for medical treatment in Hatay, Turkey, Feb. 8, 2023. The newborn, 20-days old, was rescued 59 hours after the earthquake and reported to be in good health. Rescue efforts continue for his mother.
Burak Kara/Getty Images
Rescue workers carry Yigit Cakmak, an 8-years-old survivor at the site of a collapsed building 52 hours after the earthquake struck, on Feb. 8, 2023, in Hatay, Turkey. A 7.8-magnitude earthquake hit near Gaziantep, Turkey, in the early hours of Monday, followed by another 7.5-magnitude tremor just after midday. The quakes caused widespread destruction in southern Turkey and northern Syria and were felt in nearby countries.
Burak Kara/Getty Images
People gather around the rubble of collapsed buildings, Feb. 8, 2023, in Hatay, Turkey. A 7.8-magnitude earthquake hit near Gaziantep, Turkey, in the early hours of Monday, followed by another 7.5-magnitude tremor just after midday. The quakes caused widespread destruction in southern Turkey and northern Syria and were felt in nearby countries.
Cansu Yildirann/Bloomberg via Getty Images
Volunteers work to rescue a woman trapped under debris from a collapsed building in Hatay, Turkey, Feb. 8, 2023. Turkey’s government is overwhelmed by the extent of the damage to infrastructure, logistical problems and aid needed to assist the 13.4 million people living in the disaster zone.
Umit Turhan Coskun/NurPhoto via Getty Images
Survivors of the earthquake waiting on news of relatives buried under the rubble hug in Hatay, Turkey, Feb. 8, 2023. Hatay is one of the hardest hit regions in Turkey, after a massive 7.8 earthquake and its aftershocks devastated the area.
Rami al Sayed/AFP via Getty Images
Members of the Syrian civil defense, known as the White Helmets, warm themselves by a fire next to the rubble of a collapsed building in Jinderis, Feb. 7, 2023, as search and rescue operations continue following a deadly earthquake.
Mehmet Kacmaz/Getty Images
A woman cries as she waits for the autopsy to be carried out on her aunt, in front of the Elbistan State Hospital, Feb. 8, 2023, in Elbistan Turkey. The massive 7.8 earthquake that struck Turkey and Syria devastated the area, leveling towns and killing thousands of people as they slept early Monday morning.
Tunahan Turhan/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images
People seen waiting in the earthquake zone on Feb. 7, 2023. Turkey experienced the biggest earthquake of this century in the border region with Syria. The earthquake was measured at 7.7 magnitude.
Tunahan Turhan/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images
Search operations continue after the earthquake on Feb. 7, 2023. Turkey experienced the biggest earthquake of this century in the border region with Syria. The earthquake was measured at 7.7 magnitude.
AytugCan Sencar/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images
Baby Ayse Vera and her mother, Hulya Yilmaz (not pictured), are rescued from the rubble of a collapsed building, 29 hours after powerful earthquakes hit Hatay, Turkey, Feb. 7, 2023.
Rami al Sayed/AFP via Getty Images
A newborn baby, who was found still tied by her umbilical cord to her mother then pulled alive from the rubble of a home in northern Syria, receives medical care from doctor Hani Maaruf, at a clinic in Afrin, Feb. 7, 2023. The infant is the sole survivor of her immediate family, the rest of whom were all killed when a 7.8-magnitude quake that struck Syria and Turkey flattened the family home in the rebel-held town of Jindaris, the baby’s cousin, Khalil al-Suwadi, said.
Rami al Sayed/AFP via Getty Images
A Syrian boy watches an excavator go through the rubble of a house in which an entire family, save a newborn baby, was killed, Feb. 7, 2023, in the town of Jandaris, Syria, following a deadly earthquake. Residents and rescue workers uncovered a newborn survivor trapped under rubble, her umbilical chord still tied to her mother, who died when the building collapsed.
Adem Altan/AFP via Getty Images
Mesut Hancer holds the hand of his 15-year-old daughter Irmak in Kahramanmaras, Turkey, Feb. 7, 2023. Irmak died when a 7.8-magnitude earthquake struck Turkey’s southeast border with Syria, devastating the region. Kahramanmaras is close to the quake’s epicenter in Gaziantep.
AFP via Getty Images
]Rescue workers search for survivors in the rubble of a collapsed building in Jableh, a town in Syria’s Latakia province, Feb. 7, 2023. A massive rescue effort in Turkey and Syria is hampered by frigid weather in a race against time to find survivors under buildings flattened by powerful quakes that killed more than 5,000 people.
Bulent Kilic/AFP via Getty Images
An earthquake survivor reacts as rescuers look for victims and other survivors in Hatay, Turkey, Feb. 7, 2023, the day after a 7.8-magnitude earthquake struck the country’s southeast border with Syria.
Adem Altan/AFP via Getty Images
Civilians look for survivors under the rubble of collapsed buildings in Kahramanmaras on Feb. 7, 2023, the day after a 7.8-magnitude earthquake struck the country’s southeast border with Syria.
Burak Kara/Getty Images
Smoke billows from the Iskenderun Port as rescue workers work at the scene of a collapsed building, Feb. 7, 2023, in Iskenderun, Turkey. A 7.8-magnitude earthquake hit near Gaziantep, Turkey, causing widespread destruction in southeastern Turkey and northern Syria.
Esra Hacioglu Karakaya/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images
Search and rescue efforts continue in the 8-storey apartment destroyed in the earthquake, in Diyarbakir, Turkey following 7.7 and 7.6 magnitude earthquakes hit Turkey’s Kahramanmaras on Feb. 6, 2023.
Sezgin Pancar/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images
Search and rescue operations are carried out in the wreckage in Hatay, after 7.7 and 7.6 magnitude earthquakes hit Turkey’s Kahramanmaras, on Feb. 6, 2023.
Evrim Aydin/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images
A view of a collapsed building in Kahramanmaras, Turkey following 7.7 and 7.6 magnitude earthquakes hit Kahramanmaras on Feb. 7, 2023.
Ilyas Akengin/AFP via Getty Images
Rescue workers and volunteers search for victims and survivors in the rubble of a collapsed building in Diyarbakir, Turkey, Feb. 6, 2023, after a 7.8-magnitude earthquake struck the country’s southeastern border with Syria.
Can Erok/AFP via Getty Images
A woman cries as rescuers search for survivors through the rubble of a building that collapsed in Adana, Turkey, Feb. 6, 2023, after a 7.8-magnitude earthquake struck the country’s southeastern border with Syria.
Ilyas Akengin/AFP via Getty Images
A man reacts as people search for survivors through the rubble in Diyarbakir, Turkey, Feb 6, 2023, after a 7.8 magnitude earthquake struck the country’s southeastern border. The quake – followed by a smaller 7.5 magnitude earthquake – was Turkey’s biggest in at least a century.
Can Erok/AFP via Getty Images
Rescuers search for victims and survivors amidst the rubble of a building that collapsed in Adana, Turkey, Feb. 6, 2023, after a 7.8-magnitude earthquake struck the country’s southeastern border with Syria.
Rami al Sayed/AFP via Getty Images
A man helps an injured resident slide out of the rubble of a collapsed building in Jindires, Syria, Feb. 6, 2023, after a 7.8 magnitude earthquake struck the region.
Bakr Alkasem/AFP via Getty Images
A Syrian man weeps as he carries the body of his son who was killed in an earthquake in the town of Jindires, Syria, Feb. 6, 2023.
Rami al Sayed/AFP via Getty Images
Residents stand in front of a collapsed building in Jindires, Syria, Feb. 6, 2023, after a 7.8-magnitude earthquake hit the border of Turkey and Syria.
Anas Alkharboutli/dpa via Getty Images
Residents of Idlib, Syria, inspect a destroyed building after a magnitude 7.8 earthquake hit the border between Turkey and Syria, killing thousands and devastating the region.
Ugur Yildirim/dpa via Getty Images
People search for victims and survivors from the rubble of a building in Afrin, Syria, Feb. 6, 2023. Two massive earthquakes – at 7.8 magnitude and 7.5 magnitude respectively – struck in the border region of Turkey and Syria early Monday morning, killing thousands as they slept.
AFP via Getty Images
Rescue teams search for survivors under the rubble of a collapsed building in Aleppo, Syria, Feb. 6, 2023.
Omar Jah Kadour/AFP via Getty Images
Residents for victims and survivors in the rubble of collapsed buildings, following an 7.8 magnitude earthquake in Sarmada, Syria, Feb. 6, 2023.
Omar Haj Kadour/AFP via Getty Images
Residents search for victims and survivors amidst the rubble of collapsed buildings in the village of Besnia, Syria, Feb. 6, 2022. The village is close to the Turkish-Syrian border, where a 7.8 magnitude – and later
a 7.5 magnitude – earthquake struck.

The disaster comes at a sensitive time for Erdogan, who faces an economic downturn and high inflation. Perceptions that his government mismanaged the crisis could hurt his standing.

On his tour of hard-hit areas, he said the government would distribute 10,000 Turkish lira ($532) to affected families.

Kemal Kilicdaroglu, the leader of Turkey’s main opposition party, blamed the devastation on Erdogan’s two-decade rule, saying he had not prepared the country for a disaster and accusing him of misspending funds.

In Syria, aid efforts have been hampered by the ongoing war and the isolation of the rebel-held region along the border, which is surrounded by Russia-backed government forces. Syria itself is an international pariah under Western sanctions linked to the war.

The European Union said Wednesday that Syria had asked for humanitarian assistance to help earthquake victims. An EU representative insisted the bloc's sanctions against the Syrian government had no impact on its potential to help.

The U.N. humanitarian coordinator for Syria, Muhannad Hadi, said Wednesday that there was still no access to the Bab al-Hawa border crossing into rebel-held Syria, the only terminal where U.N. aid can be delivered, because of damaged roads.

Using other crossings, or sending the aid across conflict lines from Damascus, requires “multiple levels of coordination between different parties, security, humanitarian, NGOs,” he said. “It’s not a straightforward operation.”

Critics have accused the Syrian government of deliberately slowing down the process because it does not recognize aid groups operating in rebel-held areas and has sought to cut off support for those areas throughout the conflict.

In rebel-held parts of northwest Syria, rescuers pulled a man, a woman and four children from the rubble in the towns of Salqeen, Harem and Jinderis, according to the White Helmets group.

Turkey sits on top of major fault lines and is frequently shaken by earthquakes. Some 18,000 were killed in similarly powerful earthquakes that hit northwest Turkey in 1999.

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Alsayed reported from Bab al-Hawa, Syria. Fraser reported from Ankara, Turkey. David Rising in Bangkok, Monika Scisclowksa in Warsaw, Danica Kirka in London, Frank Jordans in Berlin and Robert Badendieck in Istanbul contributed to this story.

Copyright The Associated Press
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